Introduction
Since 1998, instrumentation has been a well-defined branch of engineering that measures and controls the variables within a production or manufacturing area. The process variables used in industries are level, pressure, temperature, humidity, flow, pH, force, speed, etc.
This article will give you complete information regarding the GATE Instrumentation Engineering Syllabus 2024.
GATE Instrumentation Engineering Syllabus (IN) 2024
GATE Instrumentation Engineering Syllabus (IN) consists of nine sections,
- Engineering Mathematics.
- Electrical Circuits.
- Signals and Systems.
- Control Systems.
- Analog Electronics.
- Digital Electronics.
- Measurements.
- Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation.
- Communication and Optical Instrumentation.
Section 1: GATE Engineering Mathematics Syllabus
Linear Algebra
Algebra of matrices: A matrix’s inverse and rank; a system of linear equations; Determinants; Symmetric, skew-symmetric, and orthogonal matrices; Eigenvalues and eigen vectors, diagonalization of matrices, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.
Calculus
Functions of a single variable: Limit, continuity, and differentiability; Mean value theorems, indeterminate forms, and L’Hospital’s rule; Maxima and minima Taylor’s theorem, Fundamental theorem, and mean value-theorems of integral calculus; Evaluation of definite and improper integrals; applications of definite integrals to evaluate areas and volumes.
Functions of two variables: Limitation, continuity, and partial derivativesDirectional derivative, total derivative; The normal line and the tangent plane; Maxima, minima, and saddle points, as well as the Lagrange multiplier method; Double and triple integrals and their applications.
Sequence and series: Convergence of sequences and series; Tests for convergence; Power series; Taylor’s series; Fourier Series; Half-range sine and cosine series.
Vector Calculus
Gradient, divergence, and curl; Line and surface integrals; Green’s theorem, Stokes theorem, and Gauss divergence theorem (without proofs).
Complex Variable
Analytic functions; Cauchy-Riemann equations; Line integral, Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula (without proof); Taylor’s series and Laurent series; Residue theorem (without proof) and its applications.
Ordinary Differential Equation
First-order equations (linear and nonlinear); higher-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients; second-order linear differential equations with variable coefficients; The method of parameter variation; the Cauchy-Euler equation; power series solutions; Legendre polynomials; and the properties of Bessel functions of the first kind.
Partial Differential Equation
Classification of second-order linear partial differential equations; Method of separation of variables; Laplace equation; Solutions of one-dimensional heat and wave equations.
Probability
Axioms of probability; Conditional probability; Bayes’ Theorem; Discrete and continuous random variables: Binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions; Correlation and linear regression.
Numerical Methods
Solution of systems of linear equations using LU decomposition, Gauss elimination, and Gauss-Seidel methods; Lagrange and Newton’s interpolations; Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations by the Newton-Raphson method; Numerical integration by trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, and Gaussian quadrature rule; Numerical solutions of first-order differential equations by Euler’s method and 4th order Runge-Kutta method.
Section 2: Electrical Circuits
Voltage and current sources: independent, dependent, ideal, and practical; v-i relationships of resistor, inductor, mutual inductor, and capacitor; transient analysis of RLC circuits with dc excitation.
Kirchoff’s laws, mesh and nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer, and reciprocity theorems.
Peak-, average- and RMS values of ac quantities; apparent-, active- and reactive powers; phasor analysis, impedance, and admittance; series and parallel resonance, locus diagrams, the realization of basic filters with R, L, and C elements.
One-port and two-port networks, driving point impedance and admittance, open-, and short circuit parameters.
Section 3: Signals and Systems
Periodic, aperiodic, and impulse signals; Laplace, Fourier, and z-transforms; transfer function; frequency response of first and second-order linear time-invariant systems; impulse response of systems; convolution; and correlationDiscrete time system: impulse response, frequency response, and pulse transfer function; DFT and FFT; IIR and FIR filter fundamentals.
Section 4: Control Systems
Feedback principles, signal flow graphs, transient response, steady-state-errors, Bode plot, phase and gain margins, Routh and Nyquist criteria, root loci, design of lead, lag and lead-lag compensators, state-space representation of systems; time-delay systems; mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic system components, synchro pair, servo and stepper motors, servo valves; on-off, P, P-I, P-I-D, cascade, feedforward, and ratio controllers.
Section 5: Analog Electronics
Analysis of small signals in transistor circuits, feedback amplifiers, and applications of opamps include difference amplifiers, adders, subtractors, integrators, differentiators, instrumentation amplifiers, precision rectifiers, active filters, and other circuits. Oscillators, signal generators, voltage-controlled oscillators, and phase-locked loops.
Section 6: Digital Electronics
Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions. IC families: TTL and CMOS. Arithmetic circuits, comparators, Schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators, sequential circuits, flipflops, shift registers, timers, and counters; sample-and-hold circuit, multiplexer, analog-to-digital (successive approximation, integrating, flash, and sigma-delta) and digital-to analog converters (weighted R, R-2R ladder, and current steering logic). ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, significant bits, conversion/settling time); basics of number systems; 8-bit microprocessor and microcontroller: applications, memory, and input-output interfacing; basics of data acquisition systems.
Section 7: Measurements
Systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty (accuracy and precision index), propagation of errors. PMMC, MI, and dynamometer type instruments; DC potentiometer; bridges for measurement of R, L, and C; Q-meter. Measurement of voltage, current, and power in single and three-phase circuits; ac and dc current probes; true rms meters; voltage and current scaling; instrument transformers; timer/counter, time, phase, and frequency measurements; digital voltmeter, digital multimeter; oscilloscope, shielding, and grounding.
Section 8: Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation
Resistive-, capacitive-, inductive-, piezoelectric-, Hall effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits; transducers for industrial instrumentation: displacement (linear and angular), velocity, acceleration, force, torque, vibration, shock, pressure (including low pressure), flow (differential pressure, variable area, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, turbine, and open channel flow meters); temperature (thermocouple, bolometer, RTD (3/4 wire), thermistor, pyrometer, and semiconductor); liquid level, pH, conductivity, and viscosity measurement.
Section 9: Communication and Optical Instrumentation
Amplitude- and frequency modulation and demodulation; Shannon’s sampling theorem, pulse code modulation; frequency and time division multiplexing, amplitude-, phase-, frequency-, pulse shift keying for digital modulation; optical sources and detectors: LED, laser, photo-diode, light-dependent resistor, and their characteristics; interferometer: applications in metrology; basics of fiber optic sensing.
Conclusion
As it is evident, the syllabus for Instrumentation Engineering is vast. The candidates are advised to jot down the weak as well as the strong areas for their preparation and figure out a plan accordingly for an efficient journey.
Maintain an efficient timetable and follow it wholeheartedly. Stick to a routine and do not procrastinate.
Best wishes for your future endeavors!
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