JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus - Physical, Organic, Inorganic Chemistry

This article will give detailed information regarding the JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus 2024.

The conducting authority of the JEE Main 2024 examination will be responsible for devising the syllabus. The national testing agency is the conducting authority of JEE Main Examination. Chemistry is one of the sections where you can score pretty well. From an aspirant’s point of view, every mark counts; therefore, if you can score very well in chemistry, it can boost your rank, but for that, you need to go ahead with a strategic plan.

JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus 2024

The chemistry syllabus is divided into three segments, namely

i. Physical Chemistry,
ii. Organic Chemistry,
iii. Inorganic Chemistry.

The detailed section-wise JEE Main Syllabus 2024 of Chemistry is given below:

Section A: Physical Chemistry

UNIT 1: Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

Matter and its nature, Dalton’s atomic theory; Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound; Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision, and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. Units, dimensional analysis; Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae; Chemical equations and stoichiometry.

UNIT 2: States of Matter

States of Matter Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states
Gaseous State	Measurable properties of gases; Gas laws – Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Graham’s law of diffusion, Avogadro’s law, Dalton’s law of partial pressure; Concept of Absolute scale of temperature; Ideal gas equation, Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates); Concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities; Real gases, deviation from Ideal behavior, compressibility factor, van der Waals equation, liquefaction of gases, critical constants.
Liquid State	Properties of liquids – vapor pressure, viscosity, and surface tension and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only).
Solid State	Classification of solids: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg’s Law and its applications; Unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc and hcp lattices), voids, calculations involving unit cell parameters, an imperfection in solids; Electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties.

UNIT 3: Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

Discovery of sub-atomic particles (electron, proton, and neutron); Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom, Bohr model of a hydrogen atom – its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr’s model; Dual nature of matter, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features, the concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions; Variation of Ψ and Ψ2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p, and d – orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number; Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

UNIT 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Kossel – Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds
Ionic Bonding	Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy.
Covalent Bonding	Concept of electronegativity, Fajans’ rule, dipole moment; Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules.
Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding	Valence bond theory – Its important features, the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance.
Molecular Orbital Theory	Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications.

UNIT 5: Chemical Thermodynamics

Chemical Thermodynamics
Fundamentals of thermodynamics	System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes.
The first law of thermodynamics	Concept of work, heat internal energy, and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess’s law of constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, and solution.
The second law of thermodynamics	The spontaneity of processes; ΔS of the universe and ΔG of the system as criteria for spontaneity, ΔGo (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant.

UNIT 6: Solutions

Solutions

Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution – molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapor pressure of solutions and Raoult’s Law – Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapor pressure – composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; Colligative properties of dilute solutions – the relative lowering of vapor pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van Hoff factor and its significance.

UNIT 7: Equilibrium

Equilibrium Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic equilibrium
Equilibria involving physical processes	Solid-liquid, liquid – gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry’s law, a general characteristic of equilibrium involving physical processes.
Equilibria involving chemical processes	Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, the significance of ΔG and ΔGo in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier’s principle.
Ionic equilibrium	Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted – Lowry, and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.

UNIT 8: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions.

Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch’s law and its applications.

Electrochemical cells – Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half – cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement; Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs’ energy change; Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells; Corrosion and its prevention.

UNIT 9: Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions – Arrhenius theory, activation energy, and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).

UNIT 10: Surface Chemistry

Surface Chemistry
Adsorption	Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids – Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions.
Catalysis	Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis, and its mechanism.
Colloidal state	the distinction among true solutions, colloids, and suspensions, classification of colloids – lyophilic, lyophobic; multimolecular, macromolecular, and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids – Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation, and flocculation; Emulsions and their characteristics.

Section B: Inorganic Chemistry

UNIT 11: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d, and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.

UNIT 12: General Principles and Process of Isolation of Metals

General Principles and Process of Isolation of Metals

Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores; Steps involved in the extraction of metals – concentration, reduction (chemical. and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn, and Fe; Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals.

UNIT 13: Hydrogen

Hydrogen

Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; Structure, preparation, reactions, and uses of hydrogen peroxide; Classification of hydrides – ionic, covalent, and interstitial; Hydrogen as a fuel.

UNIT 14: s – Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals)

Group 1 and Group 2 Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships.

Preparation and properties of some important compounds – sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and sodium hydrogen carbonate; Industrial uses of lime, limestone, Plaster of Paris and cement; Biological significance of Na, K, Mg and Ca.

UNIT 15: p – Block Elements

p – Block Elements
Group 13 to Group 18 Elements	General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behavior of the first element in each group. Groupwise study of the p – block elements
Group – 13	Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminum; Structure, properties, and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, and alums.
Group – 14	The tendency for catenation; Structure, properties, and uses of allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones.
Group – 15	Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotropic forms of phosphorus; Preparation, properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine, and phosphorus halides, (PCl3, PCl5); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Group – 16	Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of dioxygen and ozone; Allotropic forms of sulfur; Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulfur dioxide, sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids of sulfur.
Group – 17	Preparation, properties, and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxyacids of halogens.
Group – 18	Occurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon.

UNIT 16: d – and f – Block Elements

d – and f – Block Elements
Transition Elements	General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements – physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, color, catalytic behavior, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
Lanthanoids	Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, and lanthanide contraction.
Actinides	Electronic configuration and oxidation states.

UNIT 17: Coordination Compounds

Coordination Compounds

Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, color and magnetic properties; Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems).

UNIT 18: Environmental Chemistry

Environmental Chemistry
Environmental pollution	Atmospheric, water, and soil.
Atmospheric pollution	Tropospheric and stratospheric.
Tropospheric pollution – Gaseous pollutants	Oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects, and prevention; Greenhouse effect and Global warming; Acid rain; Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects, and prevention.
Stratospheric pollution	Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of the ozone layer – its mechanism and effects.
Water Pollution	Major pollutants such as pathogens, organic wastes, and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention.
Soil pollution	Major pollutants such as Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects, and prevention. Strategies to control environmental pollution.

Section-C: Organic Chemistry

UNIT 19: Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds
Purification	Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography – principles and their applications.
Qualitative analysis	Detection of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and halogens.
Quantitative analysis	Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulfur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formula and molecular formulae; Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis.

UNIT 20: Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry Tetravalency of carbon; Shapes of simple molecules – hybridization (s and p); Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: – C = C -, – C ? C – and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; Homologous series; Isomerism – structural and stereoisomerism.
Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)	Covalent bond fission – Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles.
Electronic displacement in a covalent bond	Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation.
Common types of organic reactions	Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement.

UNIT 21: Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions
Alkanes	Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes
Alkenes	Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and peroxide effect); Ozonolysis, oxidation, and polymerization.
Alkynes	Acidic character; Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides; Polymerization.
Aromatic hydrocarbons	Nomenclature, benzene – structure and aromaticity; Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration, Friedel – Crafts alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in mono-substituted benzene.

UNIT 22: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions.

Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons, and DDT.

UNIT 23: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration.

Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, and sulphonation, Reimer – Tiemann reaction.

Ethers: Structure

Aldehyde and Ketones

Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as – Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN, NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of – hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.

Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it.

UNIT 24: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses

Amines

Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character.

Diazonium Salts

Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

UNIT 25: Polymers

Polymers

General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization – addition and condensation, copolymerization;

Natural and synthetic rubber and vulcanization; some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses – polythene, nylon, polyester, and bakelite.

UNIT 26: Biomolecules

Biomolecules General introduction and importance of biomolecules
Carbohydrates	Classification: aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), and polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen).
Proteins	Elementary Idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes..
Vitamins	Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids	The chemical constitution of DNA and RNA. Biological functions of nucleic acids

UNIT 27: Chemistry in Everyday Life

Chemistry in Everyday Life
Chemicals in medicines	Analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines – their meaning and common examples.
Chemicals in food	Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents – common examples.
Cleansing agents	Soaps and detergents, cleansing action

UNIT 28: Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

Detection of extra elements (N, S, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds.

The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following:

Inorganic compounds: Mohr’s salt, potash alum.
Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises – Acids bases and the use of indicators, oxalic acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4.
Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis:
Cations – Pb2+ , Cu2+, AI3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+.
Anions- CO32-, S2-, SO42-, NO2-, NO3-, CI-, Br, I. (Insoluble salts excluded).

Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:

Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.
Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.

Best JEE Main Chemistry Books

S.R	Book Name	Author	Buy Now
1:	Chemistry XI & XII	NCERT	Click Here
2:	Concept of Organic Chemistry	Ajnish Kumar Jha	Click Here
3:	General Chemistry	Halliday, Resnick, and Walker	Click Here
4:	Inorganic Chemistry	Ebbing and Gammon	Click Here
5:	Inorganic Chemistry	OP Tandon	Click Here
6:	Physical Chemistry	OP Tandon	Click Here
7:	University Chemistry	Bruce H Mahan	Click Here

JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus Weightage

Conclusion

Every year lakhs of candidates prepare for the JEE Main examination in order to get admission to the reputed institutions.

Chemistry is a scoring subject and the students must prepare efficiently to gain good marks. Prepare effectively to escalate your final score and crack this prestigious examination.

Good luck with all your future endeavors!

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